Task 4: Topic sentences, Supporting sentences and Concluding sentences.

As we know, writing process is a paragraph that consists of topic sentences, supporting sentences, and concluding sentences.
 

A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph. It gives the main idea of the paragraph.
It will helps you to generate and control your information. An effective topic sentence will help the reader to understand your main idea easily.

Example:

There are many different ways of using eggs in cooking.

A supporting sentence will support the topic sentence which is the main idea.

Example:

1. They can be boiled lightly and eaten with toast.

2. Hard boiled eggs are good for picnics, sandwiches or use in salads.

3. Fried, poached and scrambled eggs are commonly eaten at breakfast,

    while an omelette provides a light and nourishing meal at any time.

4. For an exotic touch, eggs can be curried or used in sauces such as

    mayonnaise and hollandaise sauce.

5. To give lightness and substance, eggs are usually added to cakes and

    pastries. 

A concluding sentence is the sum up of the paragraph and to tell the reader that you have finished your discussion.

Example:

There are few foods that are as nourishing and versatile as eggs.

Notes on the stages of 'Writing Process', topic sentence, supporting sentence and concluding sentences.

The P.I.E. Paragraph:
P	=	Point	What is the point of this paragraph? What claim is being made? Often, the point is the TOPIC SENTENCE.
I	=	Information	How is the point supported with specific data,  experiences, or other factual material? The information is the evidence used to support/develop the point.
E	=	Explanation	What does the provided information mean? The explanation is the writer’s analysis,  elaboration, evaluation of the point and information given, connecting the information with the point (topic sentence) and the thesis.

a) Topic Sentences - A topic sentence is a sentence that expresses the main idea of a paragraph. It tells the reader what to expect about the information that will follow. Without the use of a topic sentence, developing a paragraph can be extremely difficult. Topic sentences can appear at several points in a paragraph:

the beginning of the paragraph

the middle of the paragraph

the end of the paragraph

the beginning and the end of the paragraph.

b) Supporting Sentences - A supporting sentence or ideas for information is to support the topic sentence which is the main idea. In the supporting sentences, you should include information from the readings or class discussions such as paraphrases or, occasionally, short quotes. Then, you can also include definitions from the dictionary, the readings, or another source. Overall, you can include any information that will support your main idea.

c) Concluding Sentences - A concluding sentences is ideas for explanation that interpret, analyze, explain the information, opinion, or quote that you have included. You will suggest to your reader how the information that you have included related to your TOPIC.

Task 3: Stages of 'Writing Process'

There are five stages of writing process that will allow you to explore, investigate, and write about any topic. It can helps you to get, organize ideas, help to write, edit, and write a complete paragraph.

The first stage is pre-writing. In this stages, you will thinking of ideas and inspiration about topic that you are going to write. This means that you are going to write down everything that come out in your mind. To generate your idea, you may also use mind map or bubbling. You will be generate the main idea and start collecting information that is related.

Second is drafting. In this stages, you actually write the text, a collection of words, sentences, and paragraphs that makes up your written expression on the topic. As you write, keep referring back to your notes and the plan that you determined in the first stage, but you still can change the plan if you wanted to. Try to write your ideas in an interesting way and don't worry about the mistakes.

Third is revising. In this stages, you can remove the whole sections, rewrite the entire paragraphs and add information which you have realized the reader will need. The revision stage is summed up with adding, rearranging, removing and replacing which you can modify the content to clarify meaning and expand ideas.

Fourth is editing. You have completed your drafting of the written text and now you have to check in order to ensure that there are no grammar or spelling mistakes. You may go through your piece line by line to make sure that each sentence, phrase and words is strong as possible.

Last but not least is publishing. This is the final stages of writing process which you will write a final copy and post or share you work for viewing or reading.

  

Notes on the stages of 'Writing Process'.

1. Pre-writing.
   Thinking about your topic, gathering information, and creating an outline of 

   your ideas for the structure of the written text that will express your ideas 

   on the topic.
   

2. Drafting.
    You actually write the text; a collection of words, sentences, and paragraphs 

    that makes up your written expression on the topic.
 

3. Revising.
    Re-examining the composed text to improve and polish the structure and 

    content to ensure that it expresses your ideas in the most effective way.

4. Editing.
    You have completed your composing of the written text and now you check 

    to ensure that there are no grammar, spelling, or mechanics errors.

5. Publishing.
    The final step of the writing process is publishing. This means different 

    things depending on the piece you're working on.

Task 2: Sentence Structure

Simple Sentence:

1. She's afraid of cockroach.     

2. Alicia tried to eat rice with chopsticks.

Compound Sentence:

1. Malaysia is a rich country, but still it has many poor people.

2. We can go see a movie, or we can get something to eat.

Complex Sentence:

1. Although my friend invited me to go on vacation, I do not want to go.

2. Daren will be able to maintain a healthy weight if he keeps exercising.

Compound-Complex Sentence:

1. I walked to the store, and I bought some milk, though I really wanted ice

   cream.

2. Although I like to go traveling, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I

    haven't found anyone to go with.

  

Notes and Samples of Sentence Structure.

Simple Sentence.

A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence. It also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb that expresses a complete thought.

Example :

1. Jane waited for the train.
"Jane" = subject, "waited" = verb

2. I looked for Maria and Sally at the bus station.
"I" = subject, "looked" = verb 

3. Ariana and Thalia arrived at the bus station before noon and left on the bus 

    before I arrived.
"Ariana and Thalia" = compound subject, "arrived" and "left" = compound verb

A simple sentence can also be referred to as an  independent clause. It is referred to as "independent" because, while it might be part of a compound or complex sentence, it can also stand by itself as a complete sentence.

  

Compound Sentence.

A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete sentences) connected to one another with a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunctions are easy to remember if you think of the words "FAN BOYS":

• For
• And
• Nor
• But
• Or
• Yet
• So

 Example:

1. Jane waited for the train, but the train was late.

2. I looked for Maria and Sally at the bus station, but they arrived at the 

   station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived.

3. Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left 

   on the bus before I arrived.

Complex Sentence.

A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which. 

Example :

1. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.

2. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last  

    page.

3. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.

 
 

Task 1: What is LOVE to you?

Love is some kind of natural gift from God. It is special and unique feeling that everyone deserve to experience of their own because love is something that cannot be seen, hear, smell, touch or taste. We can only feel it as best we can. Love is also unpredictable. We don't know when it will hit ourselves or when it won't. It"ll just happen. We can't wait for love and strive hard to find it. Just try, but don't put all in it. Cause love will want to hit ourselves when we are least expecting it. When we are in love with someone don't try to please them and don't buy fancy things or anything materialistic just love them as best we can. If we find someone that we love deeply but we can't have, all we can do is be happy for them. Don't try to win them over because if we really love them, we will let them be happy. Whatever that happiness may be. Love not just exist to people but also the other living things such as animals and plants. Whatever love is, for me love is something that is very powerful because sometimes it can hurt our hearts and feel like want to kill yourself but love is the only thing in this world that keeps mankind together. It is what's holding us together. There is no end. So don't mess around with love.

  

Notes and Samples of Listing, Bubbling and Brainstorming.

Listing.

Prewriting is important because it helps you generate ideas for writing. One popular technique is listing. One reason that this technique is popular with writers is that we use list-making skills often in our everyday lives. Many people make lists of grocery items before going to the supermarket, and others make lists of "things to do," like homework assignments and chores. Writers also make lists throughout the writing process, especially during prewriting. Lists not only help writers generate topics, but lists can be useful to help create main points and key details. As with other prewriting strategies discussed in The Writer's Warehouse, you should experiment with listing throughout your writing to find when this strategy works best for you. When listing, don't be too concerned about detail and development simply jot down your thoughts one after the other until you run out of ideas. The simplest way to list is to write one thought down after another, separating your thoughts with line breaks. Feel free to number your list or double-space between items to allow more room to develop your list.

Bubbling.

Bubbling, like freewriting above, is a great technique when you have not yet developed a clear idea of where you are going with your topic. This is also a great technique for people who are visual learners. Here's how it works: pick a word or phrase related to your topic. For example, let's look at how the topic of obesity in children could be explored in bubbling. You might start with that phrase: obesity in children. Draw a circle and put that phrase in it.

Brainstorming.

Much like freewriting, brainstorming involves capturing all of the thoughts, ideas, and fragments in your head and writing them down on paper. Often, brainstorming looks more like a list while freewriting may look more like a paragraph.With either strategy, your goal is to get as many ideas down on paper as you can.

Example:         Environment

                        Problems

                        Future

                        Cars

                        Alternative fuels

                        Hybrid cars

                        Costs

                        Benefits?